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Group by :Switch typeMotif classProteinEnzymePathway            Group Index    Colouring Info              Filtered: PFAM:PF00514 (18 hits) x
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  Domain hiding  Altered binding specificity  Motif hiding  Composite binding site formation
  Uncategorised  Rheostatic  Allostery  Avidity-sensing
  Physicochemical compatibility  Pre-translational  Competition

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Type: Binary Subtype: Physicochemical compatibilityType: Binary Subtype: Pre‑translationalType: Specificity Subtype: Domain hiding
Type: Specificity Subtype: Motif hiding


ProteinMotifStartEndSwitch descriptionInformation

Type: Specificity Subtype: Domain hiding
A domain can be sterically masked by binding of an effector when there is a large difference in intrinsic affinity of the domain for different binding partners, or a large difference in the local abundance of these partners, thereby precluding further interactions of the domain. Binding of the masking molecule can be PTM-dependent or -independent.
IMA1_YEASTTRG_NLS_Bipartite_14458An intramolecular interaction between the importin beta-binding (IBB) domain and the NLS-binding pocket of Importin subunit alpha (SRP1) prevents binding of NLS cargo (e.g. Large T antigen) in the absence of Importin subunit beta-1 (KAP95) by hiding of the NLS-binding pocket. Binding of the IBB of Importin subunit alpha (SRP1) to Importin subunit beta-1 (KAP95) relieves this auto-inhibitory interaction and increases the affinity of Importin subunit alpha (SRP1) for NLS cargo.
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LT_SV40TRG_NLS_MonoExtN_4126132An intramolecular interaction between the importin beta-binding (IBB) domain and the NLS-binding pocket of Importin subunit alpha (SRP1) prevents binding of NLS cargo (e.g. Large T antigen) in the absence of Importin subunit beta-1 (KAP95) by hiding of the NLS-binding pocket. Binding of the IBB of Importin subunit alpha (SRP1) to Importin subunit beta-1 (KAP95) relieves this auto-inhibitory interaction and increases the affinity of Importin subunit alpha (SRP1) for NLS cargo.
details

Type: Specificity Subtype: Motif hiding
Motif hiding occurs when there is a large difference in intrinsic affinity of overlapping or adjacent motifs for their respective binding partners, or a large difference in the local abundance of these partners. Binding of an effector to one motif sterically masks the overlapping or adjacent motif, thereby precluding it from binding. Binding of the masking molecule can be PTM-dependent or -independent.
LT_SV40TRG_NLS_MonoExtN_4126132Inhibition of nuclear import of Large T antigen by phosphorylation-dependent (T124) binding of BRCA1-associated protein (BRAP).
details
VPAP_HCMVATRG_NLS_MonoExtN_4425432Inhibition of nuclear import of DNA polymerase processivity factor (UL44) by phosphorylation-dependent (T427) binding of BRCA1-associated protein (BRAP).
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MKL1_MOUSETRG_NLS_MonoExtN_462
95		67
101		Hiding of the NLS of MKL/myocardin-like protein 1 (Mkl1) by binding of G-actin to the RPEL motifs of MKL/myocardin-like protein 1 (Mkl1) prevents translocation of this transcription factor to the nucleus.
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CDN1B_HUMANTRG_NLS152166Phosphorylation of a 14-3-3-binding motif in the NLS of Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1B (CDKN1B) by RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase (AKT1) induces binding of 14-3-3 protein gamma (YWHAG), which hides the NLS and prevents binding to Importin subunit alpha-1 (KPNA1), thereby mediating cytoplasmic retention of Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1B (CDKN1B). Binding of 14-3-3 dimer involves an additional C-terminal 14-3-3-binding motif (see switch details).
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Type: Binary Subtype: Physicochemical compatibility
PTM of a residue in a motif or in its flanking regions alters the physicochemical and/or structural compatibility of the motif with its binding partner. This can either induce or enhance an interaction, or result in inhibition or even abrogation of an interaction.
SWI6_YEASTTRG_NLS_MonoExtN_4161167Phosphorylation of S160 adjacent to the NLS of Regulatory protein SWI6 (SWI6) decreases nuclear import of this protein by decreasing the affinity for Importin subunit alpha (SRP1).
details
PTHR_HUMANTRG_NLS_Bipartite_1124144Phosphorylation of T121 adjacent to the NLS of Parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHLH) by Cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) disrupts the interaction with Importin subunit beta-1 (KPNB1) and down-regulates nuclear import.
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NFAC1_HUMANTRG_NLS_MonoExtN_4262269Phosphorylation of S241 and S290 adjacent to the NLS of Nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 1 (NFATC1) by Glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta (GSK3B) and Glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta (GSK3B) inhibits nuclear import of Nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 1 (NFATC1) by disrupting its interaction with Importin subunit alpha-2 (KPNA2). Calcium-dependent dephosphorylation by calcineurin promotes nuclear import.
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SKP2_HUMANTRG_NLS_MonoExtN_46572Acetylation of S-phase kinase-associated protein 2 (SKP2) in its NLS inhibits binding to the Importin subunit alpha-6 (KPNA5). p300 acetylates SKP2 at K68 and K71 within SKP2's nuclear localisation signal, this stabilises SKP2 from Fizzy-related protein homolog (FZR1)-mediated degradation and facilitates its translocation into the cytoplasm. This process can be reversed by NAD-dependent protein deacetylase sirtuin-3, mitochondrial (SIRT3) that specifically deacetylates SKP2 facilitating its translocation back into the nucleus. In the cytosol, SKP2 acts to promote Cadherin-1 (CDH1) degradation in a Casein Kinase I dependent manner to promote cell migration. Casein kinase I recognises the MOD_CK1_1 motif in CDH1 phosphorylating at residues Ser840 and Ser842.
details
SKP2_HUMANTRG_NLS_MonoExtN_46572Acetylation of S-phase kinase-associated protein 2 (SKP2) in its NLS inhibits binding to the Importin subunit alpha-7 (KPNA6). p300 acetylates SKP2 at K68 and K71 within SKP2's nuclear localisation signal, this stabilises SKP2 from Fizzy-related protein homolog (FZR1)-mediated degradation and facilitates its translocation into the cytoplasm. This process can be reversed by NAD-dependent protein deacetylase sirtuin-3, mitochondrial (SIRT3) that specifically deacetylates SKP2 facilitating its translocation back into the nucleus. In the cytosol, SKP2 acts to promote Cadherin-1 (CDH1) degradation in a Casein Kinase I dependent manner to promote cell migration. Casein kinase I recognises the MOD_CK1_1 motif in CDH1 phosphorylating at residues Ser840 and Ser842.
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Type: Binary Subtype: Pre‑translational
Pre-translational mechanisms such as alternative splicing, alternative promoter-usage and/or RNA editing result in inclusion or removal of exons that contain an entire or partial motif.
UNG_HUMANTRG_NLS_MonoExtN_41521Alternative splicing removes the nuclear localisation signal (NLS) of Uracil-DNA glycosylase (UNG), abrogating binding to Importin subunit alpha-1 (KPNA1) and import into the nucleus. In Isoform UNG1 of Uracil-DNA glycosylase (UNG) the NLS present in Isoform UNG2 of Uracil-DNA glycosylase (UNG) is replaced with a mitochondrial localisation signal (MLS), promoting different localisations of the different protein isoforms.
details
KCC2D_RATTRG_NLS_MonoCore_2327332Alternative splicing removes the nuclear localisation signal (NLS) of Isoform Delta 3 of Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit delta (Camk2d), abrogating binding to Importin subunit alpha-1 (KPNA1) and nuclear import. This is due to an 11 amino acid insert encoded by exon 14.
details
FBXW7_HUMANTRG_NLS_MonoCore_21015Alternative splicing removes the nuclear localisation signal (NLS) of F-box/WD repeat-containing protein 7 (FBXW7), abrogating binding to Importin subunit alpha-1 (KPNA1). There are two other NLS motifs in the protein, meaning the isoform can still enter the nucleus.
details
OGG1_HUMANTRG_NLS_MonoExtN_4332339Alternative splicing removes the nuclear localisation signal (NLS) motif of N-glycosylase/DNA lyase (OGG1), abrogating binding to Importin subunit alpha-1 (KPNA1) and import into the nucleus. OGG1-1a (also known as Isoform Alpha of N-glycosylase/DNA lyase (OGG1)) has a C-terminal NLS motif that is absent in OGG1-2a (also known as Isoform Beta of N-glycosylase/DNA lyase (OGG1)) . Both have a weak mitochondrial localisation signal (MLS) in the N-terminal.
details
PML_HUMANTRG_NLS476490Alternative splicing removes the nuclear localisation signal (NLS) of Protein PML (PML), abrogating binding to Importin subunit alpha-1 (KPNA1) and import into the nucleus.
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BRCA1_HUMANTRG_NLS_MonoExtN_4501508Alternative splicing removes the nuclear localisation signal (NLS) of Breast cancer type 1 susceptibility protein (BRCA1), abrogating binding to Importin subunit alpha-1 (KPNA1) and import into the nucleus. The study compared the full-length Brca1 splice variant (Isoform 1 of Breast cancer type 1 susceptibility protein (BRCA1)) to the Delta11b isoform (Isoform Delta11b of Breast cancer type 1 susceptibility protein (BRCA1)). The shorter isoform is missing exon 11b and differs in a number of ways. Firstly, it lacks an NLS and therefore has a cytoplasmic localisation. Also, when over-expressed, the Delta11b isoform was not toxic, suggesting nuclear localisation is important for Brca1's toxic behaviour.
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MDM2_HUMANTRG_NLS_MonoExtC_3181187Alternative splicing removes the nuclear localisation signal (NLS) of E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase Mdm2 (MDM2), abrogating binding to Importin subunit alpha-1 (KPNA1). The exclusion from the nucleus is not complete however, as another NLS (466-473) is speculated to target splice variants to the nucleus, however, to the annotator it seems more likely that splice variants can dimerise with full-length MDM2 and be simultaneously transported into nucleus.
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