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| Domain hiding | Altered binding specificity | Motif hiding | Composite binding site formation |
| Uncategorised | Rheostatic | Allostery | Avidity-sensing |
| Physicochemical compatibility | Pre-translational | Competition |
| Protein | Start | End | Switch Type | Switch Subtype | Switch Description | Information |
TRG_MLS - | |||||||
| CACP_HUMAN | 1 | 21 | Binary | Pre‑translational | Alternative splicing removes the mitochondrial localisation signal (MLS) motif of Carnitine O-acetyltransferase (CRAT), abrogating binding to Mitochondrial import receptor subunit TOM70 (TOMM70A). As a result, Isoform SM-1200 of Carnitine O-acetyltransferase (CRAT), which lacks the MLS, is located in peroxisomes due to a PTS1 motif in its C-terminus. | ||
| DBLOH_HUMAN | 1 | 55 | Binary | Pre‑translational | Alternative splicing removes the BIR-binding motif of Diablo homolog, mitochondrial (DIABLO), abrogating binding to Mitochondrial import receptor subunit TOM70 (TOMM70A). Isoform SMAC3 of Diablo homolog, mitochondrial (DIABLO) is localised to mitochondria via its mitochondrial localisation signal (MLS). Upon entry in mitochondria the MLS is cleaved and Isoform SMAC3 of Diablo homolog, mitochondrial (DIABLO) is found localised with cytochrome-c. During apoptosis, Isoform SMAC3 of Diablo homolog, mitochondrial (DIABLO) binds to the second/third BIR domain of Baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 4 (XIAP). This interaction disrupts binding of XIAP to processed Caspase-9 (CASP9) and promotes Caspase-3 (CASP3) activation. Isoform SMAC3 of Diablo homolog, mitochondrial (DIABLO) also promotes ubiquitination of XIAP and subsequent degradation. Isoform 1 of Diablo homolog, mitochondrial (DIABLO) on the other hand did not cause degradation of XIAP. | ||
| UNG_HUMAN | 1 | 44 | Binary | Pre‑translational | Alternative promoter usage removes the mitochondrial localisation signal (MLS) of Isoform UNG1 of Uracil-DNA glycosylase (UNG), abrogating binding to Mitochondrial import receptor subunit TOM70 (TOMM70A) and import into mitochondria. In Isoform UNG2 of Uracil-DNA glycosylase (UNG) the MLS present in Isoform UNG1 of Uracil-DNA glycosylase (UNG) is replaced with a nuclear localisation signal (NLS), promoting different localisations of the different protein isoforms. | ||
| TRM1_YEAST | 1 | 16 | Binary | Pre‑translational | Alternative initiation removes the mitochondrial localisation signal (MLS) motif of tRNA (guanine(26)-N(2))-dimethyltransferase, mitochondrial (TRM1), abrogating binding to Mitochondrial import receptor subunit TOM70 (TOMM70A). Both variants contain a weak nuclear localisation signal (NLS) (KKSKKKRC). However, this motif is over-powered by the MLS and therefore the full-length variant is localised to mitochondria. Alternative initiation removes the N-terminus and the MLS motif, resulting in a nuclear localisation for the truncated isoform. | ||
| MOD5_MOUSE | 1 | 47 | Binary | Pre‑translational | Alternative splicing removes the mitochondrial localisation signal (MLS) motif of tRNA dimethylallyltransferase, mitochondrial (Trit1), abrogating binding to Mitochondrial import receptor subunit TOM70 (TOMM70A). The IPPT-I isoform (also known as Isoform 1 of tRNA dimethylallyltransferase, mitochondrial (Trit1)) was found to localise to both the mitochondria and the cytosol whereas the IPPT-II isoform (also known as Isoform 2 of tRNA dimethylallyltransferase, mitochondrial (Trit1)) is only localised to the cytosol and the nucleus. No nuclear localisation signal (NLS) was identified in either splice variant. | ||
| SYK_HUMAN | 1 | 49 | Binary | Pre‑translational | Alternative splicing removes the mitochondrial localisation signal (MLS) motif of Isoform Mitochondrial of Lysine--tRNA ligase (KARS), abrogating binding to Mitochondrial import receptor subunit TOM70 (TOMM70A) and import into mitochondria. Unusually, the first two exons of Lysine--tRNA ligase (KARS) are non-constitutive. The first exon does not contain a localisation signal (resulting in cytosol localisation) whereas the second exon contains an MLS. | ||
| GLRX2_HUMAN | 1 | 21 | Binary | Pre‑translational | Alternative splicing removes the mitochondrial localisation signal (MLS) motif of Glutaredoxin-2, mitochondrial (GLRX2), abrogating binding to Mitochondrial import receptor subunit TOM70 (TOMM70A) and import into mitochondria. The Grx2a isoform Isoform Grx2a of Glutaredoxin-2, mitochondrial (GLRX2) is localised to the mitochondria whereas the Isoform Grx2b of Glutaredoxin-2, mitochondrial (GLRX2) is localised to the perinuclear region. | ||
| DUT_HUMAN | 1 | 69 | Binary | Pre‑translational | Alternative splicing removes the mitochondrial localisation signal (MLS) motif of Deoxyuridine 5'-triphosphate nucleotidohydrolase, mitochondrial (DUT), abrogating binding to Mitochondrial import receptor subunit TOM70 (TOMM70A) and import into the mitochondria. | ||
TRG_PTS1 - Generic PTS1 ELM for all eukaryotes | |||||||
| AMACR_HUMAN | 379 | 382 | Binary | Pre‑translational | Alternative splicing removes the type 1 peroxisomal targeting signal (PTS1) of Alpha-methylacyl-CoA racemase (AMACR), abrogating binding to Peroxisomal targeting signal 1 receptor (PEX5) and import into the peroxisome. Only the major AMACR IA (also known as Isoform 1 of Alpha-methylacyl-CoA racemase (AMACR)) form localises to the peroxisome. | ||