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| Domain hiding | Altered binding specificity | Motif hiding | Composite binding site formation |
| Uncategorised | Rheostatic | Allostery | Avidity-sensing |
| Physicochemical compatibility | Pre-translational | Competition |
| Protein | Motif | Start | End | Switch description | Information |
Type: Binary Subtype: Physicochemical compatibility | |||||||
| PTM of a residue in a motif or in its flanking regions alters the physicochemical and/or structural compatibility of the motif with its binding partner. This can either induce or enhance an interaction, or result in inhibition or even abrogation of an interaction. | |||||||
| L1CAM_HUMAN | TRG_ENDOCYTIC_2 | 1176 | 1179 | Phosphorylation of Y1176 by Proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase Src (SRC) in the endocytosis motif of Neural cell adhesion molecule L1 (L1CAM) inhibits binding to AP-2 complex subunit mu (AP2M1). | |||
| PI51C_HUMAN | TRG_ENDOCYTIC_2 | 649 | 652 | Phosphorylation of S645 near the AP2-binding motif of Phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinase type-1 gamma (PIP5K1C) by Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) inhibits its interaction with AP-2 complex subunit mu (AP2M1). | |||
| L1CAM_HUMAN | TRG_ENDOCYTIC_2 | 1176 | 1179 | Phosphorylation of Y1176 in the endocytotic motif of Neural cell adhesion molecule L1 (L1CAM) by Proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase Src (SRC) abolishes binding to the AP-2 complex subunit mu (AP2M1) and thereby inhibits internalisation of Neural cell adhesion molecule L1 (L1CAM). | |||
Type: Binary Subtype: Pre‑translational | |||||||
| Pre-translational mechanisms such as alternative splicing, alternative promoter-usage and/or RNA editing result in inclusion or removal of exons that contain an entire or partial motif. | |||||||
| L1CAM_HUMAN | TRG_ENDOCYTIC_2 | 1176 | 1179 | Alternative splicing removes the endocytosis motif of Neural cell adhesion molecule L1 (L1CAM), abrogating binding to AP-2 complex subunit mu (AP2M1). This motif is required for sorting of L1CAM to the axonal growth cone of neurons and its clathrin-mediated internalisation. Non-neuronal cells, such as Schwann cells, do not require these motifs, probably because these cells are not highly polarised. | |||
| PEX5R_MOUSE | TRG_ENDOCYTIC_2 | 38 | 41 | Alternative splicing removes the endocytosis motif of Isoform 3 of PEX5-related protein (Pex5l), abrogating binding to AP-2 complex subunit mu (Ap2m1). The motif is present in exon 2, and its absence causes a significant increase in channel density of members from the potassium channel HCN family. | |||
| SORC1_HUMAN | TRG_ENDOCYTIC_2 | 1132 | 1135 | Alternative splicing removes the endocytosis motif of Isoform 2 of VPS10 domain-containing receptor SorCS1 (SORCS1), abrogating binding to AP-2 complex subunit mu (AP2M1). The sequence is conserved in both human and mouse. Different splice variants have different endocytosis motifs. | |||
| PI51C_MOUSE | TRG_ENDOCYTIC_2 | 644 | 647 | Alternative splicing removes the endocytosis motif of Phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate 5-kinase type-1 gamma (Pip5k1c), abrogating binding to AP-2 complex subunit mu (Ap2m1). The direct interaction between the AP-2 complex and Isoform PIPKIgamma661 of Phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate 5-kinase type-1 gamma (Pip5k1c) (PIPKIgamma661) targets this isoform to sites of endocytosis at the plasma membrane. Consequently, this results in the generation of a highly concentrated pool of PI(4,5)P2 at these sites. | |||
Type: Uncategorised Subtype: Uncategorised | |||||||
| Switches that have unique regulatory mechanisms. As more instances accumulate these switches may be worthy of a novel switch type | |||||||
| PPAL_HUMAN | TRG_ENDOCYTIC_2 | 413 | 416 | Phosphorylation of T156 in AP-2 complex subunit mu (AP2M1) by AP2-associated protein kinase 1 (AAK1) upon clathrin recruitment strengthens the interaction between AP-2 complex subunit mu (AP2M1) and cargo proteins. | |||
Type: Specificity Subtype: Altered binding specificity | |||||||
| The balance of the competition for overlapping or adjacent, mutually exclusive interaction interfaces is tipped in favor of one of the interactors by PTM-dependent modulation of the intrinsic affinity of a binding region. Multiple, successive PTMs allow sequential switching of different binding partners in an ordered manner by step-wise alteration of binding specificity. | |||||||
| CTLA4_MOUSE | TRG_ENDOCYTIC_2 | 201 | 204 | Dephosphorylation of Y201 of Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte protein 4 (Ctla4) switches the specificity of Ctla4 from SH2 domain-containing proteins like Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 11 (Ptpn11) to the AP-2 complex mu subunit (AP-2 complex subunit mu (Ap2m1)), thereby switching from inhibitory signal transmission and negative regulation of T cell responses to internalization and inactivation of Ctla4. | |||
Type: Binary Subtype: Allostery | |||||||
| The binding properties of a motif or a motif-binding domain are modulated indirectly by allosteric effects resulting from PTM or effector binding at a site that is distinct from the actual interaction interface. | |||||||
| TGON3_RAT | TRG_ENDOCYTIC_2 | 350 | 353 | Binding of 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate to the AP-2 complex alpha, beta and mu subunits exposes a binding site on the AP-2 complex subunit mu (Ap2m1) subunit for recruitment of Trans-Golgi network integral membrane protein TGN38 (Ttgn1) via an endocytosis motif. | |||
| EGFR_HUMAN | TRG_ENDOCYTIC_2 | 998 | 1001 | Binding of 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate to the AP-2 complex alpha, beta and mu subunits exposes a binding site on the AP-2 complex subunit mu (AP2M1) subunit for recruitment of Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) via an endocytosis motif. | |||
| TFR1_HUMAN | TRG_ENDOCYTIC_2 | 20 | 23 | Binding of 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate to the AP-2 complex alpha, beta and mu subunits exposes a binding site on the AP-2 complex subunit mu (AP2M1) subunit for recruitment of Transferrin receptor protein 1 (TFRC) via an endocytosis motif. | |||
| ENV_HTLV2 | TRG_ENDOCYTIC_2 | 477 | 480 | Binding of 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate to the AP-2 complex alpha, beta and mu subunits exposes a binding site on the AP-2 complex subunit mu (AP2M1) subunit for recruitment of Envelope glycoprotein gp63 (env) via an endocytosis motif. | |||
| VGLG_VSIVA | TRG_ENDOCYTIC_2 | 501 | 504 | Binding of 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate to the AP-2 complex alpha, beta and mu subunits exposes a binding site on the AP-2 complex subunit mu (AP2M1) subunit for recruitment of Glycoprotein G (G) via an endocytosis motif. | |||
| ENV_HV1H2 | TRG_ENDOCYTIC_2 | 712 | 715 | Binding of 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate to the AP-2 complex alpha, beta and mu subunits exposes a binding site on the AP-2 complex subunit mu (AP2M1) subunit for recruitment of Envelope glycoprotein gp160 (env) via an endocytosis motif. | |||
| ENV_SIVMK | TRG_ENDOCYTIC_2 | 723 | 726 | Binding of 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate to the AP-2 complex alpha, beta and mu subunits exposes a binding site on the AP-2 complex subunit mu (AP2M1) subunit for recruitment of Envelope glycoprotein gp160 (env) via an endocytosis motif. | |||
| ASGR1_HUMAN | TRG_ENDOCYTIC_2 | 5 | 8 | Binding of 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate to the AP-2 complex alpha, beta and mu subunits exposes a binding site on the AP-2 complex subunit mu (AP2M1) subunit for recruitment of Asialoglycoprotein receptor 1 (ASGR1) via an endocytosis motif. | |||
| LAMP1_HUMAN | TRG_ENDOCYTIC_2 | 414 | 417 | Binding of 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate to the AP-2 complex alpha, beta and mu subunits exposes a binding site on the AP-2 complex subunit mu (AP2M1) subunit for recruitment of Lysosome-associated membrane glycoprotein 1 (LAMP1) via an endocytosis motif. | |||
| CTLA4_HUMAN | TRG_ENDOCYTIC_2 | 201 | 204 | Binding of 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate to the AP-2 complex alpha, beta and mu subunits exposes a binding site on the AP-2 complex subunit mu (AP2M1) subunit for recruitment of Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte protein 4 (CTLA4) via an endocytosis motif. | |||
| L1CAM_HUMAN | TRG_ENDOCYTIC_2 | 1176 | 1179 | Binding of 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate to the AP-2 complex alpha, beta and mu subunits exposes a binding site on the AP-2 complex subunit mu (AP2M1) subunit for recruitment of Neural cell adhesion molecule L1 (L1CAM) via an endocytosis motif. | |||
| ENV_BLV | TRG_ENDOCYTIC_2 | 487 | 490 | Binding of 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate to the AP-2 complex alpha, beta and mu subunits exposes a binding site on the AP-2 complex subunit mu (AP2M1) subunit for recruitment of Envelope glycoprotein (env) via an endocytosis motif. | |||
| GE_VZVO | TRG_ENDOCYTIC_2 | 582 | 585 | Binding of 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate to the AP-2 complex alpha, beta and mu subunits exposes a binding site on the AP-2 complex subunit mu (AP2M1) subunit for recruitment of Envelope glycoprotein E (gE) via an endocytosis motif. | |||